![]() In particular, "joint stiffening" is viewed as a maladaptive strategy, which can compromise stability of salient variables during walking. The muscle synergy hypothesis has received considerable attention in the neuroscience community (see 1 for a review). At the end of the review, we discuss possible implications of this theoretical approach to peripheral disorders and their rehabilitations using, as an example, osteoarthritis. We hypothesize that muscle synergies represent a library of motor subtasks, which the nervous system can flexibly combine to produce complex and natural. Movement disorders are discussed as consequences of an inability to use the whole range of changes in referent coordinates (as in spasticity) and an inability to ensure controlled stability of salient variables as reflected in indices of multi-element synergies and their adjustments in preparation to actions (as in brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple-system atrophy, and stroke). Wrec (muscle weights of the muscles identified as active within a muscle synergy). ![]() Synergies are organized within the neural control hierarchy based on the principle of motor abundance. Our hypothesis was that rec- tilinear and curvilinear walking share a common. The implications of these results for the synergy hypothesis, optimal motor. Toward validating this hypothesis, it is important to understand if muscle synergies can reduce the state-space dimensionality while maintaining task control. synergy basis specific DR of behavior results from muscle synergy control. Further, we discuss synergies ensuring stability of natural human movements within the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. The muscle synergy hypothesis is an archetype of the notion of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) occurring in the central nervous system due to modular organization. The muscle synergy hypothesis is the proposition that there exist motor modules representable as muscle syn- ergies that are dened by a certain model. This study tested if human subjects can voluntarily activate individual muscle synergies extracted by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), the standard. However, this assumption has not been empirically tested. In particular, we focus on the theory of neural control of effectors - from motor units to individual muscles, to joints, limbs, and to the whole body - with spatial referent coordinates organized into a hierarchy with multiple few-to-many mappings. According to the muscle synergy hypothesis, the CNS simplifies motor control through the flexible combination of several muscle synergies, which are defined as a set of muscles recruited by a. The muscle synergy hypothesis assumes that individual muscle synergies are independent of each other and voluntarily controllable. We review the current views on the control and coordination of movements following the traditions set by Nikolai Bernstein.
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